Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821)

 Born in 1769 in Napoleon on the island of Curusaa Italian and moved to Paris and studied in military schools and received the rank of officer
Was a contemporary of the French Revolution has been hired by the Government of the administration (Daerkioar) put down the revolts in the royal
The year 1792, the Republic and Napoleon Bonaparte appeared on the scene resistance of the rebels in 1793 AD


And in 1796 became commander of the French forces and the attempt to create an empire with Italy and Austria (reconciliation Campormeu) without consulting the government administration
The plan seemed to monopolize power, and already has spent on government administration in the year 1799 and announced a rule of "three Alguenaslh"
Image corresponding to the Emperor of France Napoleon Bonaparte, the famous commander of Lashkar-French campaign in Egypt
, Have turned the ambitions of Napoleon's invasion of Egypt following his victories in the wars of Italy began to think in paving the way for the enforcement of a major campaign in the Mediterranean Sea and the occupation of Egypt to take a military base up them to the property the English in India on the one hand on the other hand the night possessions of the Ottoman Empire, which had already become weak and control by deception and drive a wedge between the people of the country and each other

 Thus began Napoleon Bonaparte in the implementation of his dreams in the occupation of Egypt, especially as France tried to join the Coptic Church to the Pope of Rome
Moved first from the waters of the armies of France in Malta on June 19, 1798
Then came the campaign soldiers west of Alexandria on July 2, 1798 they occupied on that day and then took Napoleon to crawl through Cairo Damanhur, where could the French occupation of the city of Rosetta on July 6 and continued their advance to Rahmaniya, a village on the Nile
The Mamluks They were have prepared an army to resist the French armies led by Murad Bey and the armies met near the Hbrakhitt on July 13, 1798 and defeated the army of Mamluk and retreated returned Murad Bey to Cairo and met with both the French army and the army Mamluk again in a signed Imbaba a (signed by Al-Ahram) and defeated the army of Murad Bey again in this battle on July 21, 1798
Save Murad Bey fled to Giza The Abraham your was stationed mainland east of the Nile, when he saw the defeat of the armies of Murad Bey and withdrew all intending Belbeis able to Napoleon Bonaparte's occupation and entered Cairo, July 24, 1798 accompanied by Billath, Elements of war and went down Palace Mohammed your millennial Balozpkah. He came Napoleon Bonaparte Switzerland after the period between 1798 and 1815 did not come empty-handed, but brought with it a system of direct democracy, and although the Swiss took him out of their country by force, but they kept this system, to turn to advantage proud of to this day, but Egypt returned to the Islam remains plagued by a distorted system of government so far.It was Napoleon's first act as consul enjoy executive powers, political and military move was a first step towards autocracy and in 1804 became the Emperor Napoleon and himself the undisputed rule.
French campaign on Egypt
Omaq Napoleon Bonaparte the world the scourge of war it is known that the Catholic Church tried to join the Coptic Church to it, but kept the Coptic Church to independence have tried the French in this regard, representatives of the Pope, and after the French Revolution, or as he called the French spread of the public French persuaded Napoleon's French government attack on Egypt and its occupation had prepared campaign against Egypt in 1798 AD The campaign was made up of 30 000 warrior .. On May 19, 1798 took off a large French fleet consists of 26 vessels from the port of Toulon, and the English news reached Napoleon to leave France
 And entrusted to Nelson tracing its impact and the destruction of his fleet, and he intends to Malta but found that the fleet of Napoleon left towards the east five days ago, Faragh it mean Egypt and moved to Alexandria, and reached on June 28, 1798 he could not find there to the French on the impact and warned the Egyptians. Has reached the fleet French West Alexandria Agami at the first of July 1798, and initiated the dropping off troops for a night out on the mainland and then conduct an army to Alexandria.
. And rolled down the French vessels of war the French army in July 1798 in Alexandria .. and the face of Napoleon on the same day an appeal to the Egyptian people.
The campaign issued an appeal to the people Balocetkana, cooperation and convert to Islam and Napoleon Oasubh friend and protector of Islam ...Napoleon seized the richest province in the Ottoman Empire, according to the propaganda war claimed "a friend of the Sultan of Turkey," and also claimed that he had submitted to Egypt, "of the crop of the Mamluks" and no more, as the enemies of the Sultan, and the enemies of the people of Egypt ...
This is a message of Napoleon Bonaparte, who invited him to Gen. Muslim historians to the people of Egypt
"In the name of God the Merciful is no god but God is not born to him and his partner in his ...
O sheikhs and imams ..
Tell your nation that Frensawih are also Mlessmon loyal and prove that they had landed in Rome, big and ruined the chair Pope, who was always urges Christians to fight Islam, then they meant the island of Malta, were expelled Alkualliria who claim that God ask them to fight the Muslims, however, Frensawih every time they became lovers faithful to the Ottoman Sultan Hazrat Adam Allah .. his ...Adam God the homage of the Ottoman SultanAdam God homage military FrensawiMay God curse the MamluksAnd repaired if the Egyptian nation "
Muhammad Karam remained resistant to progress the French army remained in Alexandria and then staged a sit-castle retreats Qaitbay and with him a group of fighters, and finally gave up and paid for fighting, was not to be acknowledged and Napoleon entered the city, and announced their safety.On September 6, 1798 Napoleon Bonaparte issued an order implementing the death penalty in Mr. Mohammad Karim Rumaila field in CairoNapoleon Bonaparte and became a Muslim ruler named "Bounnaprdy Pasha" was called on the Muslim name of Napoleon Bonaparte, and was walking around wearing a turban and Oriental clothes and robes.
And he frequented the mosque on Fridays and contribute to the traditional religious rituals to pray, and the fact that Napoleon consultative chamber composed of elders and Islamic scholars

Talleyrand Manmds French campaign
The face of Napoleon Bonaparte on April 20, 1814 delivered a historic speech to what he called the soldiers of the old Hirsi Ali, following his defeat and exile before being deported to the island of Alba on the beach, Italian and soon after ten months Napoleon escaped from exile on 15 March 1815 heading to Paris at the head of several thousand of these soldiers, any soldiers of the old guard, that was apparently the first time in modern Altarig that used the expression of the old guard in an official letter has become a historical document

How did Napoleon Bonaparte?

 Likely, Dr. Pascal Quintz toxicologist French it is believed that the French Emperor the late Napoleon Bonaparte would have died of poisoning and declared that he found traces of arsenic mineral popularly known as "rat poison" in the poetry of Bonaparte in 2001, from this I conclude that the emperor deposed poisoned and not the result of cancer stomach on the fifth of May / May 1821 for 51 years.He d. Quintz The arsenic reached the spinal cord of hair, which explains his arrival through the blood and through the food digestible, and thus a response to the theory put forward by the 2002 publication "Saans ie" (Science and Life) French monthly, which says that arsenic detected an external source and not covered by the emperor and built his theory the French publication, which said that arsenic was used frequently in the nineteenth century to maintain the hair.

Book Description of Egypt's greatest work provided by the French Expedition to Egypt
Accompanied by the French group of scientists in various field of science in time more than 150 scientists and more than 2000 professionals from the finest artists and painters and technicians who accompanied the French leader Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt during the years 1798/1801. Of chemists, doctors, astronomers, etc., and the result is a book Mjhodhm Description of EgyptIt is a documented set of 11 volumes of images and paintings are owned by the Library of Alexandria and 9 volumes of texts, including a special folder and maps Balotals shares by the Egyptian Academy
The these scientists work hard at covering all the land of Egypt from north to south during the years of their presence and they monitor and record all aspects of life in Egypt at the time and related activities the ancient Egyptian civilization to go out into the world 20 parts of the book Description of Egypt and distinguish the book with pictures and paintings meticulous and detail. This book is now the largest and most comprehensive encyclopedia of land and Egyptian antiquities being the largest hand-written manuscript and painted Qtmizat study illustrated the profound scholars and academics who accompanied Napoleon in the book was published between 1809/1829. This group also includes pictures and paintings of ancient Egyptian objects of activity of the Egyptian antiquities and the days of the campaign itself the natural history of Egypt in addition to documenting all aspects of life and the historical and artistic treasures and Egyptian religious and record all aspects of plant and animal life and mineral resources at the time.
Has issued the Alexandria Library (digitized copy) of this book (Description of Egypt) on CD-ROM.The director of the Library, Dr. Ismail Serageldin, "The importance of this initiative comes to being the first in the world to digitize the book, which is one of the deepest and most powerful books is also one of the riches of Egypt, and enables researchers to view it as a substitute for the original copy."*************************************

 Ahram, May 29, 2006 AD year number 43 638 130 France mobilized the efforts of scientists and experts and has provided huge financial potential to assemble all correspondence Napoleon in folders for each stage of his short life, which lasted only 50 years, which finally issued in Paris, the second part the campaign Egypt in 1798 to 1801.
(Photo opposite: Napoleon Bonaparte stands contemplating sphinx)Egypt was invaded Napoleon Bonaparte at the head of a man about 36 thousand and 5 thousand cannon and thousands of horses and 200 ships, scientists, and the printing press has exceeded 28, a boom in youth was carrying in his pocket pens, many recorded in each time with his pen in person or ordering Fedun has thousands of orders and memos, ideas and discourses of military, political and personal totaling close to 2500, what was published which even today does not exceed 1500, which is published for the first time in this folder or catalog about 1000 document, which made Mrs. Martin Jawadfr de France and President of the archives of a close friend of Egypt describes this work as nothing less than scientific and historical Description of Egypt from the book itself.The introduction to the book 1400 pages placed great scientist Henry Lawrence for that project Napoleon established an empire French in Dar al-Islam is provided to Saddam current between Islam and the West, and the development of the West, founded two centuries of colonization of the material on the British way, and intellectual French-style , though the two Itlakien much. He had set Volume 3 committees: one scientific and the second and third special historical editing and publishing, and the number of workers in the three committees about 65 scientists and a historian, editor and financially responsible, all under the supervision of the French historian Thierry known Lantz.It took the work in this volume 10 years and was impressed by Napoleon Bulsid governor of Alexandria Mohammad Karim, was a great admirer of his courage and Frosath, but the Clipper has been warning them of the governor of Alexandria slag even ended up that the impact of Napoleon and the knife in his heart says is the execution of Mohammad Karim, and also reveal the extreme anger of the elders of Al-Azhar Cairo after the revolution of the first, it is considered that the establishment of the SAI is sufficient to run the country by children of the elders of Al-Azhar, and ordered him to hit the Cairo site with guns and perhaps taken the decision to return to France in this moment.If you want to control EgyptBut the strangest documents is his will to Kleber in which he says: If you want to rule Egypt long you should respect people's religious feelings and respect for the sanctity of their homes, and allowed the building to the general belief Mino's military order transition to Islam and marry a woman from Rashid.And another great excitement the dream of Napoleon digging the Suez Canal and not to waste a single drop of water from the Nile, if he is to govern Egypt a long time, and that makes Egypt a base for a huge empire east of Suez extends up to Iran and Afghanistan, I am not the least of Alexander the Great ,. despite my sorrow, because Alexander the great conquered Egypt at the age of twenty while I'm in the twenty-eighthThere is another document number 3618 on November 4, 1798 signed by Bonaparte on the military decision to pay the salaries of the elders of the SAI of France, and they Albrawi Sheikh Ismail and Sheikh Yusuf al-Musli and Sheikh Abdul Wahab, Sheikh Suleiman Shabrawi Jawsaga and Sheikh Ahmed Sharkawy. It seems that those who had not joined the Court to scientists in the first composition.There are military orders in a few lines reveal how to manage the affairs of the French army in Egypt. The documents also reveal the existence of correspondence between the teacher Jacob battalion commander Copts and George essential one objects Copts of Egypt, which is dangerous because it reveals the plans and a wide range of separation between the Copts of Egypt and Muslims (letter No. 3872 dated December 7, 1798).Then there is a congratulatory message on February 26, 1799 under No. 4262 of the General Mino Ali delivered his Friday sermon at a mosque in Gaza as a Muslim during the campaign in the Levant, and says to him: The best way to maintain the peace in Egypt is adoption of the doctrine of Islam, or at least not to attract hostility and elders and Dr. Islam is not only in Egypt but throughout the Islamic world.Reveal and other documents for accurate characterization by Napoleon himself to some great battles like the Battle of Rahmaniya (No. 4626 dated July 20, 1799), and another the next day, then another for the people of Cairo to ensure neutrality in the war against the Muslims Sham.Then dozens of messages and orders the execution of criminals and bandits in Cairo, and also the execution of French soldiers shown in the right Agramanm parents.I have to raise most of these documents are the documents signed by the last before his departure for Egypt, including his will to General Kleber No. 4758 dated August 22, 1799, and then other documents proving that he was planning his return to France send reinforcements and a new army to Egypt , but the surrender of Mino in Alexandria in July 1801 spent on the final dream.Words of Napoleon on Egypt
1 in Egypt if sentenced will not waste a single drop from the Nile into the sea, and staying the largest farms and factories, the empire was huge, but you Standardization of Islam and Muslims under the banner of the empire and the French peace prevail in the world.2 in Egypt the most beautiful years I spent, In Europe, the clouds do not make you think of projects that change history, but in Egypt the governing could change history.3 if I were not governor on Egypt to become the emperor of France.4 Prophet Muhammad, built an empire from nothing .. people ignorant of the children of a nation wide .. deserts of the wilderness the children of the greatest empire in history.
(Photo opposite: Napoleon Bonaparte celebrated commanders of his army and is a ceremony birth of the Prophet)5 Islam like Christianity Tvsdahma politics and they play with fire if organizers have crossed the boundaries of places of worship because they leave the kingdom of God and enter the kingdom of Satan.6 embodies the dream in the east, while almost turns into a nightmare in the West.
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The idea of ​​the Suez Canal in the era of Napoleon
And went the German philosopher famous for Aabetz propose to King Louis XIV (*) the idea of ​​creating a canal linking the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea within the framework of a comprehensive project for the invasion of Egypt, but the Sun King as it was called did not want to annoy the Sublime Porte in Constantinople on the one hand, Because the expansionist dreams were in Europe, and when the French Revolution entered in a bloody armed conflict with the kingdoms of Europe were able to win only by the Kingdom of England and only one, hence the idea of ​​cutting through the British colonies in India and the occupation of Egypt was the French campaign in 1798 .Strangely enough, the documents reveal that the Government Alderctoar which ruled France has wanted to get rid of the young officer of Napoleon, at the age of 27 years, has achieved impressive victories over the enemies of France in Italy gave him an order it directly leads the preamble to the political conduct of the campaign digging a canal linking Bahrain, so it was called Bahrain and the channel after the Suez Canal is not a name that will give him the de Lesseps of the channel, about a half-century of the campaign.The documents speak for the only exit to Napoleon from Cairo to the cause of non-military, which is gone and a group of engineers headed by engineer claims Lopez LePere to preview the site engineered at Suez and start digging, however, Lopez persuaded Napoleon to drop the project because it was discovered that the level of the Red Sea higher than the level of the White Sea, and told him that if he dug at Suez Vsngriq all of Egypt.Felicien David and Napoleon returned to Cairo sad, but his dream did not die.